High performing additively manufactured bone scaffolds based on copper substituted diopside

The inclusion of small amounts copper is often reported to enhance the mechanical and biointegrative performance bioceramics towards tissue engineering applications. In this work, 3D scaffolds were additively manufactured by robocasting precipitation derived doped diopside. Compositions chosen in which magnesium sites diopside substituted up 3 at.%. Microstructure, performance, bioactivity, biodegradability, drug release, biocompatibility, vitro angiogenesis antibacterial activity studied. Results indicate that incorporated structure improves materials fracture toughness. Scaffolds with more than 80% porosity exhibited compressive strengths exceeding cancellous bone. All compositions showed bioactivity release functionalities. However, only samples 0 1 at.% substitution favorable proliferation osteogenic sarcoma cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells fibroblasts, while larger had cytotoxic behavior. was significantly enhanced low levels copper. Copper containing anti Escherichia coli activity, increasing content. We show across multiple indicators, composition CaMg0.99Cu0.01Si2O6, exhibits high as a synthetic bone substitute, comparing favorably known bioceramics. These findings present pathway for enhancement printable